Estimating emissions from tyre tread wear of motor vehicles in New Zealand
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Other Title
Authors
Kudin, Roman
Singh, Niranjan
Chand, Prabhat
Bakmeedeniya, Anura
Tawaketini, Jone
Singh, Niranjan
Chand, Prabhat
Bakmeedeniya, Anura
Tawaketini, Jone
Author ORCID Profiles (clickable)
Degree
Grantor
Date
2024-07-23
Supervisors
Type
Journal Article
Ngā Upoko Tukutuku (Māori subject headings)
Keyword
New Zealand
tyre tread wear
emissions
automotive vehicles
tyre tread wear
emissions
automotive vehicles
ANZSRC Field of Research Code (2020)
Citation
Kudin, R., Singh, N., Chand, P., Bakmeedeniya, A., & Tawaketini, J. (2024). Estimating emissions from tyre tread wear of motor vehicles in New Zealand, Occasional and discussion paper series, 2024(1), 1-15, ISSN 2324-3635 https://doi.org/10.34074/ocds.108
Abstract
Over 5.6 million road vehicles are registered in New Zealand, with a wide range of contaminants released as a result of their operation. The material wearing out from tyre tread has previously been identified as a contaminant of potential concern (COPC) in New Zealand, but its amount has not been quantified. Numerous studies confirm that the wear rate of a tyre depends on multiple factors and can vary significantly, even for the same type of vehicle with the same tyres installed. Such factors have already been classified and weighted; therefore, they were not the subject of the current research. The aim of this study is to estimate the total amount of material released into the environment in New Zealand due to the tread wear of tyres.
In this research, the New Zealand motor vehicle fleet was divided into categories according to the available statistical data. The estimation of the amount of the tyre material released into the environment was done separately in each category of vehicle, using the three-point method (Low, Medium and High). The calculation was performed using the statistical average annual distances driven by vehicles, and the tyre abrasion rates, also called emission factors (mg/km). The emission factors were adopted through a thorough review of the available studies of tyre abrasion rates in different countries.
The three-point estimate shows that every year roughly 6.5 to 15.5 thousand tonnes of material from tyre tread wear is released into the environment in New Zealand, which gives between 1.26 and 2.97 kg when converted per capita. Such quantification is an important step in understanding the impacts of this contaminant on New Zealand ecosystems. Further research of tyre tread wear material is needed with regard to its emission factors; deposition, migration and concentrations in environmental compartments; accumulation and degradation paths; effects on living organisms and human health.
Publisher
ePress, Unitec | Te Pūkenga
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.34074/ocds.108
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Authors
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CC BY-NC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International