Long-term outcomes after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction when comparing three surgical techniques
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Other Title
Authors
Bauer, Franca
Author ORCID Profiles (clickable)
Degree
Master of Osteopathy
Grantor
Unitec Institute of Technology
Date
2019
Supervisors
Bacon, Catherine
Smalberger, Johan
Smalberger, Johan
Type
Masters Thesis
Ngā Upoko Tukutuku (Māori subject headings)
Keyword
anterior crucial ligament (ACL)
ACL reconstruction
hamstring tendon
graft failure
rotatory stability
osteopathic medicine
orthopaedic surgeries
ACL reconstruction
hamstring tendon
graft failure
rotatory stability
osteopathic medicine
orthopaedic surgeries
ANZSRC Field of Research Code (2020)
Citation
Bauer, F. (2019). Long-term outcomes after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction when comparing three surgical techniques (Unpublished document submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Osteopathy). Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10652/4645
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most frequent orthopaedic surgeries in young, active people. Secondary graft rupture is common and there is insufficient long-term evidence supporting the application of different surgical techniques to reduce its risk.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate and compare outcomes of three primary ACL hamstring graft reconstruction surgeries.
METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of primary ACL reconstructions undertaken by one surgeon between 2006 and 2012 using three techniques of different graft placements and anchors were compared: (1) Single bundle graft at the site of the antero-medial bundle (SB), (2) a double-bundle graft with proximal and distal endobutton fixation, (EB), and (3) a double-bundle graft attached in a continuous loop with minimal fixation (MF). The primary measure was ACL graft rupture post-operatively. Secondary outcomes included recurrent rotatory instability, return to sport incidence and time-frame, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs).
RESULTS:
A total of 216 participants were included (51, 77 and 88 in SB, EB and MF, respectively), 145 (67.1%) male, and aged 30.38 ± 11.63 (mean ± SD). Patient gender between the three groups was significantly different: 37 (72.5%) for SB, 58 (75.3%) for EB and 50 (56.8%) for MF (p = 0.026). There were 151 (69.9%) cases of concomitant injuries (meniscal or chondral), with meniscal injuries making up 65.7% of these injuries. The rates of meniscal injuries were significantly different between the three surgical groups (72.5%, 67.5% and 53.4% for SB, EB and MF, respectively (p = 0.046). Graft failure occurred in 17 (7.9%) surgeries and did not differ statistically between the three surgical groups (p = 0.284) at 8.4 years (SD ± 2.2) follow-up. At a follow up of 9 years (IQR = 7 – 10), 79.3% of participants felt stable with pivoting movements, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.353). Levels of pre- and post-injury activity were not significantly different between groups when using Marx and Tegner scores (p=0.055, p=0.481), with 56.6% of all participants returning to their previous level of sport at median time of 26.00 (IQR = 12.00-42.50) weeks.
CONCLUSION:
There were no differences in ACL graft rupture rates or patient-perceived stability after more than 8 years follow-up between three primary ACL reconstruction hamstring graft techniques.
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