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dc.contributor.authorTizard, J.
dc.contributor.authorPatel, S.
dc.contributor.authorWaugh, John
dc.contributor.authorTavares, E.
dc.contributor.authorBergmann, T.
dc.contributor.authorGill, B.
dc.contributor.authorNorman, J.
dc.contributor.authorChristidis, L.
dc.contributor.authorScofield, P.
dc.contributor.authorHaddrath, O.
dc.contributor.authorBaker, A.
dc.contributor.authorLambert, D.
dc.contributor.authorMillar, C. D.
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-03T20:09:37Z
dc.date.available2019-04-03T20:09:37Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-11
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10652/4586
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: DNA barcoding utilises a standardised region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene to identify specimens to the species level. It has proven to be an effective tool for identification of avian samples. The unique island avifauna of New Zealand is taxonomically and evolutionarily distinct. We analysed COI sequence data in order to determine if DNA barcoding could accurately identify New Zealand birds. RESULTS: We sequenced 928 specimens from 180 species. Additional Genbank sequences expanded the dataset to 1416 sequences from 211 of the estimated 236 New Zealand species. Furthermore, to improve the assessment of genetic variation in non-endemic species, and to assess the overall accuracy of our approach, sequences from 404 specimens collected outside of New Zealand were also included in our analyses. Of the 191 species represented by multiple sequences, 88.5% could be successfully identified by their DNA barcodes. This is likely a conservative estimate of the power of DNA barcoding in New Zealand, given our extensive geographic sampling. The majority of the 13 groups that could not be distinguished contain recently diverged taxa, indicating incomplete lineage sorting and in some cases hybridisation. In contrast, 16 species showed evidence of distinct intra-species lineages, some of these corresponding to recognised subspecies. For species identification purposes a character-based method was more successful than distance and phylogenetic tree-based methods. CONCLUSIONS: DNA barcodes accurately identify most New Zealand bird species. However, low levels of COI sequence divergence in some recently diverged taxa limit the identification power of DNA barcoding. A small number of currently recognised species would benefit from further systematic investigations. The reference database and analysis presented will provide valuable insights into the evolution, systematics and conservation of New Zealand birds.en_NZ
dc.language.isoenen_NZ
dc.publisherBMC (Biomedical Centre), part of Springer Natureen_NZ
dc.rightsOpen Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.en_NZ
dc.subjectNew Zealand birdsen_NZ
dc.subjectcytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)en_NZ
dc.subjectCOI geneen_NZ
dc.subjectspecimen identificationen_NZ
dc.subjectconservationen_NZ
dc.subjectDNA barcodesen_NZ
dc.titleDNA barcoding a relict avifauna: an important tool for systematics and conservation managementen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Articleen_NZ
dc.date.updated2019-03-28T13:30:06Z
dc.rights.holderAuthorsen_NZ
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1346-yen_NZ
dc.subject.marsden060301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomyen_NZ
dc.subject.marsden060411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Geneticsen_NZ
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationTizard, J., Patel, S., Waugh, J., Tavares, E., Bergmann, T., Gill, B., Norman, J., Christidis, L., Scofield, P., Haddrath, O., Baker, A., Lambert, D., & Millar, C. D. (2018). DNA barcoding a relict avifauna: an important tool for systematics and conservation management. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 19 (52), X. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1346-yen_NZ
unitec.publication.spageXen_NZ
unitec.publication.volume19en_NZ
unitec.publication.issue52en_NZ
unitec.publication.titleBMC Evolutionary Biologyen_NZ
unitec.peerreviewedyesen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationUnitec Institute of Technologyen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Aucklanden_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationRoyal Ontario Museumen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Torontoen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationHospital for Sick Childrenen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationHannover Foundationen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationAuckland War Memorial Museumen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationMuseum Victoriaen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationSouthern Cross Universityen_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationCanterbury Museum (Christchurch, N.Z.)en_NZ
dc.contributor.affiliationGriffith Universityen_NZ
unitec.identifier.roms62678en_NZ
unitec.identifier.roms64657
unitec.publication.placeBasingstoke, United Kingdomen_NZ
unitec.institution.studyareaNatural Sciences


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