Sponge city : bring nature to the Chinese citiy

Abstract

通过四个项目：二个位于新西兰奥克兰，两 个位于中国，探索了当代城市防洪的方法。

这四个项目的分析均采用业内常用的方法： 汇水区分析、GIS分析和建设模式分析。但这几种 方法的综合运用产生了独特的削减和处理雨洪的 效果。

城市导致洪水加剧已成为共识，减缓城市洪 水的方法亦广为人知。绿色屋顶、雨水花园、植 草沟、湿地等均为在城区内削减洪水的方法。 但是这些对城市本身的设计有什么影响？传 统的城市由密集的建筑和基础设施组成。新城的 规划通常延续传统城市模式，由格网状的道路和 不同性质的用地组成。而原本的景观：地形地貌、 水文格局、本土植被区，往往被新城规划所覆盖 或破坏。

其结果为传统的水文格局被打断，原有溪涧 和河流被管道或沟渠所取代。由于城市铺装取代 自然地貌，土地丧失了吸收雨水的能力，雨水被 污染并沿地表径流，导致洪涝灾害频发。

These five projects; three in Auckland New Zealand, and two in PR China, explore the ways in which we might to prevent flooding in the contemporary city.

The four projects employ well-known strategies; catchment planning, GIS analysis and real estate modelling. They are however deployed in a unique combination to [...]

The role that cities have in exacerbating flooding is well known, as are the methods for alleviating this problem. Green roofs, rain gardens, swales, wetlands, these are all measures that reduce flooding in highly urbanised areas. But what about the design of the city itself? Traditional cities are densely built with buildings and infrastructure. New city plans also follow traditional city plans, a road grid with different zoning areas. The underlying landscape; the topography hydrological patterns, areas of indigenous vegetation, are covered up or destroyed by the new city plan.

The result is traditional hydrological patterns are disturbed, existing streams and rivers are piped or culvert. With the paving over of farms, the land losses the ability to absorb rainwater, polluted stormwater is created from the run off with an increase of flooding.