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    Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi

    Divakar, P. K.; Crespo, A.; Wedin, M.; Leavitt, S. D.; Hawksworth, D. L.; Myllys, L.; McCune, B.; Randlane, T.; Bjerke, J. W.; Ohmura, Y.; Schmitt, I.; Boluda, C. G.; Alors, D.; Roca-Valiente, B.; Del-Prado, R.; Ruibal, C.; Buaruang, K.; Núñez-Zapata, J.; Amo de Paz, G.; Rico, V. J.; Molina, M. C.; Elix, J.A.; Esslinger, T. L.; Tronstad, I. K. K.; Lindgren, H.; Ertz, D.; Gueidan, C.; Saag, L.; Mark, K.; Singh, K.; Dal Grande, F.; Parnmen, S.; Beck, A.; Benatti, M. N.; Blanchon, Dan; Candan, M.; Clerc, P.; Goward, T.; Grube, M.; Hodkinson, B. P.; Hur, J. S.; Kantvilas, G.; Kirika, P.M.; Lendemer, J.; Mattsson, J. E.; Messuti, M. I.; Miadlikowska, J.; Nelsen, M.; Ohlson, J. I.; Pérez-Ortega, S.; Saag, A.; Sipman, H. J. M.; Sohrabi, M.; Thell, A.; Thor, G.; Truong, C.; Yahr, R.; Upreti, D. K.; Cubas, P.; Lumbsch, H. T.

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    New_Phytologist_Divakar_et_al.pdf (433.9Kb)
    Date
    2015-06
    Citation:
    Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Wedin, M., Leavitt, S. D., Hawksworth, D. L., Myllys, L., McCune, B., Randlane, T., Bjerke, J. W., Ohmura, Y., Schmitt, I., Boluda, C. G., Alors, D., Roca-Valiente, B., Del-Prado, R., Ruibal, C., Buaruang, K., Núñez-Zapata, J., Amo de Paz, G., Rico, V. J., Molina, M. C., Elix, J. A., Esslinger, T. L., Tronstad, I. K. K., Lindgren, H., Ertz, D., Gueidan, C., Saag, L., Mark, K., Singh, K., Dal Grande, F., Parnmen, S., Beck, A., Benatti, M. N., Blanchon, D. J., Candan, M., Clerc, P., Goward, T., Grube, M., Hodkinson, B. P., Hur, J. S., Kantvilas, G., Kirika, P.M., Lendemer, J., Mattsson, J. E., Messuti, M. I., Miadlikowska, J., Nelsen, M., Ohlson, J. I., Pérez-Ortega, S., Saag, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Sohrabi, M., Thell, A., Thor, G., Truong, C., Yahr, R., Upreti, D. K., Cubas, P., & Lumbsch, H. T. (2015). Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi. New Phytologist, 208, pp.1217-1226. doi:10.1111/nph.13553
    Permanent link to Research Bank record:
    https://hdl.handle.net/10652/3753
    Abstract
    We studied the evolutionary history of the Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. We assembled a six-locus data set including nuclear, mitochondrial and low-copy protein coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The lichenicolous lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, and a new generic name is introduced for one of these fungi. In all cases, the independent origins occurred c. 24 million yr ago. Further, we show that the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene were key periods when diversification of major lineages within Parmeliaceae occurred, with subsequent radiations occurring primarily during the Oligocene and Miocene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the independent origin of lichenicolous fungi associated with climatic shifts at the Oligocene–Miocene boundary. Moreover, diversification bursts at different times may be crucial factors driving the diversification of Parmeliaceae. Additionally, our study provides novel insight into evolutionary relationships in this large and diverse family of lichen-forming ascomycetes.
    Keywords:
    ancestral character reconstruction, Ascomycota, lichenicolous fungi, mutualism, Parmeliaceae, phylogeny, Raesaenenia
    ANZSRC Field of Research:
    060411 Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics
    Copyright Holder:
    Authors

    Copyright Notice:
    2015 The Authors New Phytologist 2015 New Phytologist Trust
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    This digital work is protected by copyright. It may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use. These documents or images may be used for research or private study purposes. Whether they can be used for any other purpose depends upon the Copyright Notice above. You will recognise the author's and publishers rights and give due acknowledgement where appropriate.
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